Sage Transformation is the Kekkei Genkai of Jugo's clan which is caused by exposition of their special body fluids to natural energy. This results in increased physical capabilities similar to Sage Mode and the ability to perform various shape-shifting feats. This ability is closely related to Sage Mode and the transformation is related to the Cursed Seal. I think the cursed seal was derived from the clan's primary ability. Members of the clan constantly draw in natural energy passively and exploit it by using it for various morphing abilities.
No passive sensing in any form.
Flying is most likely a no and would need a CJ to accomplish as even the Jet Boost Jump technique states it doesn't grant flight, eyes are another no, arms could be a possibility as you can create rudimentary appendages though. You can sustain them for an entire battle if you have the chakra to do so but they're not permanent in the sense that they're bio altering or last throughout multiple NW fights or events.
For this all you do is alter your upper arm turning your elbow and upper arm into a piston. After punching you can activate the piston to create a compounding effect increasing the damage of a regular punch or strike. It could be somewhat useful for striking the opponent while you have them grappled and your hand is busy as it was shown that it works without an actual punch and is more of the force of the piston activating and pushing forward with all the energy being transferred into the opponent's body.
You're describing the booster technique which you'll learn later. Piston Fist is similar in appearance to an actual piston the force I was talking about was the force created by the piston activating and moving forward not a release of natural energy, I used to have a video of the technique that I'd post along with the technique but a lot of videos got taken down due to copyright issues. I'll link a few images.
You create open jet-like growths on your back and then release chakra from them. If you do it properly while moving you'll be able to create momentum and gain a quick burst of speed. If you're in the air you can glide for a few moments but it won't give you flight. I can be great for avoiding projectile, or wave based techniques but you'll have to be careful as omnidirectional attacks or attacks that effect a large scale can still hit you if not properly avoided. This technique has it's limits, one being that you need to actually travel either through the air or on the ground meaning if you're on the ground earth techniques can be used to stop you, or attack you while you're moving.
The jets can be angled in whichever direction you want to allow you to maneuver in more than just a straight line.
This one is just an application of the previous one, you create boosters on a limb to increase the momentum of a strike to deal more damage. You do that by timing the release of chakra at just the right time to increase the force of the blow. You're releasing the chakra in a way that it carries the limb forward at an unnatural pace faster than your body would be able to do, the burst of chakra goes away from whatever you're trying to strike so it's a non-factor when it comes to clashes of techniques. You'll be able to defend from blunt attacks with this if you so desire such as taijutsu and blunt earth release but anything intangible, or semi-intangible/energy based or sharp like spikes or sharp earth isn't going to be the best idea to defend against with this. Think of it like this, you wouldn't punch a spear so why would you want to do that if you can punch harder?
I'd say C rank and below at best. It's mainly an offensive technique to boost taijutsu usage.
You're pretty much just growing your arm to a larger size and increasing it's power through the use of a Jet Booster, basically the Jet Booster Boost and Living Wall Fist combined into one technique. Not much else to say about it really.
To an extent, definitely not five times your original size but you can increase the size of your arms and legs and such sort of like Akimichi expansion but not to the extent they're able to. You won't be able to become a giant like they can or expand your body to the length that they can but you can alter your height within reason and can increase your muscle mass and stuff again within reason as well as increase the size of your arms, legs and body for offensive or defensive purposes. A good example of this is when Juugo was in his smaller form and went into the Complete Sage Transformation state able to extend his arms and legs growing back to his natural size. [
It's the basic Sage Transformation skill on a larger scale. You transform your entire body and due to that gain several immense boosts in power as described above. Your bio also becomes mentally unstable meaning you're unable to use jutsu that require precise chakra control like genjutsu and fuuinjutsu as well as other similar fields.
Extend several large boosters like the ones from the previous techniques from your back, shoulders and upper-body and release a massive amount of chakra from them creating a large blast.