English Predicates
In English, we learn that a sentence consists of a subject and a predicate. The predicate of a sentence indicates what the subject is, what the subject does, or what happens to the subject. For example, in the English sentence:
John is a baseball player.
The subject is "John", and the predicate is "is a baseball player". The sentence is about John, but it states that John is something, namely he "is a baseball player." In English, the predicate of a simple sentence starts with the verb and continues to the end of the sentence.
Japanese Predicates
In Japanese, a complete sentence must have a predicate, but the subject can be implied rather than stated, which is exactly the case more often than not. The Japanese equivalent of the above sentence would be (informal/formal ending)...
Desu would be formal.
Da would be the informal.
1.
Practice: Using formal speech, do the following exercises. Follow the links provided or ask the teacher for any necessary vocabulary.
- State your name.
- State your vocation.
- State your nationality by adding 人じん -jin to the name of your country.
- Point at three different objects, and state what they are.
Example:
スーです。
Suu desu.
I am Sue.
大学生だいがくせいです。
Daigakusei desu.
I am a university student.
イギリス人じんです。
Igirisu-jin desu.
I'm from the U.K. (lit. I'm a British)
いすです。 えんぴつです。 テレビです。
Isu desu. Enpitsu desu. Terebi desu.
That is a chair. That is a pencil. That is a TV.
2.
Practice: Repeat the previous exercise, this time using informal speech.
Example:
トムだ。
Tomu da.
I am Tom.
弁護士べんごしだ。
Bengoshi da.
I am a lawyer.
アメリカ人じんだ。
Amerikajin da.
I'm an American.
窓まどだ。 机つくえだ。 木きだ。
Mado da. Tsukue da. Ki da.
That is a window. That is a desk. That is a tree.
3.
Conversation: Have a conversation similar to the one in the Watch and Listen section with a neighbor, only substitute your own words in.