A really good analysis. I really like the theme here that you pointed out, that the "Sages" as you call them failed because they lost faith in the world, which is true of Obito, Nagato, and Madara.
You are right that Madara resembles all of the "Fallen Savior" Naruto character archetypes, which I too believe is what Kishi is focusing on. We see these characters mostly acquire the notion that they must do anything for power, so that they may do good with said power.
The only thing I think we may not be able to conclude is if Kaguya is in fact this kind of "hatred"/ambition or if she is pure greed with a lack of good intentions (sort of like what we knew of part 1 Orochimaru). Madara's hatred/will may yet be another subgroup of an even larger 'darkness', figuratively speaking, in which Kishi may yet use that to show a new theme (although admittedly Madara has most recently been compared to Kaguya so that may possibly be a giveaway.)
Nonetheless, we shall see. Awesome effort and very good analysis and comparisons =D