Look at this point, Marvel has proven that they can translate just about anything onto the screen and make it work.
Do I think that they will put Death into the MCU as a character? As of right now I cannot see that happening. My reasoning is that for Death to become a believable character in the MCU, she would need a decent amount of screen time to flesh out her character, and more importantly her relationship with Thanos. That's the big part, Thanos.
As of right now, accumulated over every single MCU film, Thanos has only roughly 5 minutes of screen time. His presence is obvious, and he is obviously the mastermind behind just about everything since the Avengers. But he has had laughable screen presence.
In order to make Death work as a character, as mentioned, we would need to start seeing Thanos a LOT more building up to Infinity War and then slowly start to transition into seeing Death introduced on the screen. The problem with that, is that we would be forced to spend a LOT more time in space following Thano's shenanigans. Now don't get me wrong, I would love to see an entire movie dedicated to Thanos, but that aint gonna fly with the Marvel films, and looking at the current slate of films the only times we are going into space are Guardians of the Galaxy, Thor 3, and Infinity War.
Guardians of the Galaxy MIGHT show us more Thanos, but I wouldn't count on a significant amount of screen time. Thor 3 will likely have enough going on that there won't be any time to have significant amount of Thanos action, but I have a separate theory on where Thor 3 is headed. Which leaves us at Infinity War, and in case you didn't know, Infinity War is split into two movies. What does this tell us? Chances are the first film will be largely build up, with a lot of drama and tension, and the second film being the pay off. Now, while this does entitle time to introduce us to Death as a character, it doesnt nearly give us enough time to flesh out her backstory and connection to Thanos in a realistic manner.
So again, no. As it currently stands, I do not see Death being introduced as a character in the MCU. Now, she might be mentioned in passing through dialogue, but the more likely scenario is that she will remain an easter egg for comic fans like she was when we first met Thanos at the end of the Avengers.