Absolutely nothing, which still baffles me till today.
Look at what Jiraya taught Nahato, Yahiko and Konan I'm such a short amout of time. He made them badass ninja. Yet all Naruto did was increase the size of his rasengan.
Compare it to what Orochimaru taught Sasuke, then you'll see the difference in training. Why didn't jiraya take Naruto to mount myoboku to learn senjutsu in the first place. If he did that, Naruto would've beaten the crap outta Sasuke.