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Look at the position of the sword in the latter. Its gone through his sternum. Do you honestly think that Madara could survive an almost killing stab. It was even close to where his heart was. We know Madara survived but we don't know what method he used. That is what i have investigated.
Lets take a loot at this panel:
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We see Hashirama jumping to fight Madara. Look at the red rectangle, its his EMS. Kishimoto didn't waste a little page drawing Madara's EMS for nothing. It is a hint/clue which was what made me think that it was Madara's method of surviving the battle. What Madara used to survive was:
Izanagi
You may think that it sounds too fetched but this is the highest possibility of Madara surviving. We already know that Madara has knowledge and can use Izanagi based on this scan:
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He taught them to Obito which means he knows how to use them. However, people will argue that Izanagi requires Uchiha and Senju powers because of what Obito said:
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But that was later contradicted by Itachi Uchiha:
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Uchiha clan were capable of using Izanagi without Senju DNA. All what Senju DNA do is increase the time span of using the jutsu, but it can still be used by Sharingan but it will remain inferior.
Moving on...now that Izanagi doesn't require Senju DNA, i can move to the next argument which people will make about Madara losing his eyesight because Izanagi takes away the eyesight. However, while i was banned checking the NB, i read a thread which made me add the idea to my theory.
I do not think Izanagi takes away the eyesight of EMS user. I will use manga sources for this as well. We know that EMS users gain the ability not to lose their eyesight forever:
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This is proven that when Sasuke and Madara have been using their EMS techniques, none of them showed any side effects. The same side effects they were showing when having MS. This could be a proof that Izanagi doesn't take the eyesight of EMS user since only confirmed when used by normal Sharingan and MS. Nothing confirms about EMS.
So when performing Izanagi with his EMS, Madara managed to alter reality and survive the battle. It hence why he knows the jutsu.