Okay, for the most part. A few things were off here and there, but you have the general gist of it correct. The Eight Inner Gates are a series of limiters the body has that naturally prevent one from accessing all of your chakra at once. To prevent too much strain on one individual gate, there are 8 of them throughout the body. These gates are located in various places, each with a different name and location. One may ask about the Gates and wonder what would the purpose of these gates. And the reason of that is simple: without these restraints, the body would consume and utilize too much chakra and life energy, shortening the life span. I associate EIG with Yang as it is a very physical ability, and is closely related to the life of a Shinobi. While not directly stated how, we know that these gates activation is learned through extensive physical training and immense force being channeled to these gates. As you said, essentially utilizing our physical energy into them to do this. But merely channeling the chakra will not be enough. That is the point of the heavy training of course. By undergoing training, you build your physical energy so that you have a high level of energy. As I believe, each gate requires a higher amount of physical energy to be channeled into it. And as such, you must build a higher tolerance to pain and become more accustomed to this training.
As for the individual gates themselves, you have the names off. The first one if the Gate of Opening and the second the Gate of Healing. The third and fourth are the Gates of Life and Pain. The 5th and 6th Inner Gates are named teh Gates of Limit and View (in Viz Manga, they are called Gate of Closing and Gate of Joy. The first 4 or 5 gates bing little change other than, ofc, the massive power and speed boost. The 6th gate, when open, releases such amounts of energy from the user, that it causes nearby water to swirl around the user in a vortex (imo, itwould likely cause wind to form around them in a similar way, but that has never been shown so its more of a theory). The 7th gate is named the Gate of Wonder, or the Gate of Shock as well. As you stated, the sweat that is released from the user is evaporated at such a rate that it causes it to leave behind an aura around the user, much in regards to the Saiyan ki cloaks that Super Saiyans generally show. Last, but most importantly, is the Gate of Death. As it is opened, all restraints on the body are removed and you gain access to all of the power and chakra you have within your body, but in exchange for this power, you subsequently die from this. As your blood literally boils, it seeps though your skin and pores and even hair and gives off the appearance of a flaming red chakra cloak. Now, with each level, you unlock more and more power and chakra which shows little damage to your own body initially but the longer these gates are active, the more damage is done. As a new member learning them, your body has yet to become accustomed to this pain and as such, you arent going to be able to sustain them long or even multiple times.
Also, as you likely know, this training also bestows leg weight training auto so here are your weights and upon completion, you gain an automatic +10 to your taijutsu.
*throws leg weights*
Put them on and run around for a bit and perform some basic tai movements with them. After that, I want you to answer me this question: In what way do you think we access these gates? How do you believe we "open" each gate, or for sake of metaphor, what is the key to each gate?