To think that all this was explained back then...
So this means Sasuke has high chances of getting the Rinnegan.
Thanks bro.
I have to mention that Chakra is related to DNA, but DNA has properties that Chakra doesn't have.
We have to look into chapter 510 in order to decypher what are the properties that Chakra doesn't have that DNA could have.
First, from chapter 17/90 we know that Chakra consist in a mix of both Spiritual and Physical Energy, yes?
Now, let's go further.
---
The properties of Yin and Yang:
You must be registered for see links
Now we know that the Yin power (to create shape from nothingness) consist in Imagination and Spiritual Energy.
Also, we know that the Yang power (to give life to these lifeless shapes) consist in Vitality (Lifeforce) and Physical Energy.
So, a living body (that consist in living DNA) has as components the following things:
Living being = Yin power + Yang power = Imagination + Lifeforce + Spiritual Energy + Physical Energy
And as we know that Spiritual Energy + Physical Energy is "Stamina" (unmolded chakra) we can say that
Living being = Imagination + Lifeforce + Stamina
Now, let's go even further
---
The sons of the Sage, which were thinned down generations until they became the Uchiha and the Senju, had certain properties that belonged to the Sage:
You must be registered for see links
The Sage had originally an special body and special eyes. These body and eyes were divided in Yin and Yang respectively, so the sons were born inheriting the Sage's divided properties.
- The Elder got the Sage's Eyes, Powerful Chakra and Spiritual Energy (So, he basically got the Yin of the Sage)
- The Younger got the Sage's Body, Lifeforce and Physical Energy /So, he basically got the Yang of the Sage)
NOTE: Both Elder and Younger Son are live beings, meaning that they are not exclusively made of Yin or Yang power. Both have Yin and Yang, but their Yin and Yang are unbalanced. While the Younger son holds way more yang than yin, the Elder son holds way more yin than yang.
Now, let's go even further down, this is being VERY abstract at this point
---
Hagoromo Ootsutsuki, the Sage of Six Paths, was the first human to be born with Chakra in his chakra networks system. Before this, humans merely had Stamina (look at the first part of this answer so you can see the difference). When Hagoromo revealed the secrets of Ninjutsu, he learned the process of transforming his Stamina in Chakra, with the "chakra molding" (this is speculation, but in the current context this is how chakra is created... from stamina. Occam Razor, so let's assume this is the case).
You must be registered for see links
As you can see, it's evident that Hagoromo inherited the Juubi's chakra (or at least part of it) from the God Tree's fruit that his mother ate.
NOTE: At this point of this answer, you should already know that Uchiha and Senju Clans are VERY different from other clans. These two clans, no matter how we look at shinobi in general, owns the Juubi's chakra, even if this property have been thinned generationally. The Senju Clan wields the Yang part (physical energy) and the Uchiha Clan wields the Yin part (spiritual energy), which is hinted in chapter 462.
But at the same time, in the previous point (Chapter 462) we know that these clans wield the Sage's DNA (The Senju wields the Sage's Yang: Lifeforce and Body, while the Uchiha wields the Sage's Yin: The Powerful Chakra and the Eyes).
But what about the Physical and Spiritual Energy of the Sage? There is no point looking at these factors as Sage's Stamina/Chakra, because the Sage's Physical and Spiritual Energy were already considered... it is the Juubi's Chakra, which was in his cells and mind from birth.
Now, let's collect every bit of information to reach a conclusion.
---
- Hagoromo awakened the Rinnegan, which Yin part was inherited by the Elder Son as powerful eyes, and the Yang part was inherited by the Younger Son as common eyes.
- Hagoromo wielded an special body, which Yang part was inherited by the Younger Son as a powerful body, and the Yin part was inherited by the Elder Son as a common body.
- Hagoromo had the Juubi's Physical and Spiritual Energy in his DNA from birth
- When Hagoromo created his sons based on his own powers, he divided the Juubi's Chakra. Juubi's Chakra = Uchiha's Chakra + Senju's Chakra.
Conclusion:
- Rinnegan consist in Uchiha DNA and Senju DNA, great amounts of Uchiha's Chakra and a few amount of Senju's Chakra.
- Rinnegan consist mainly in Yin power, reason of why Madara could use this eye with more prowess than Nagato.
...and for your comment about Sasuke:
- Sasuke still needs Senju DNA to have chances of awakening the Rinnegan. Sasuke has more chances of awakening the Elder Son's Doujutsu, which consist only in the Yin part of the Rinnegan, this is: Uchiha DNA + Lot of Uchiha's Chakra + Few Senju's Chakra.
NOTE: Why Lots of Uchiha's Chakra and Few Senju's Chakra? We have to remember what I said referring to Balance of Yin and Yang. There is no Yin without Yang, both Sons had a Shape and Life. So the Yin part of Juubi's chakra consist naturally in a lot of Yin and just a bit of Yang. Do the maths if you have doubts.
---
That's what I think. I'm sorry if this answer was too long.