Like others said he doesn't truly hate anyone. He just doesn't want the same things that happened to him happen to anyone else. So his idea is to completely make a new system, one without the current Kage.
Bold: The same thing that happened to him huh? You mean experiencing the loss of those you love (even if those people are innocent)? Well ironically, Sasuke will be making people who love Gaara (Temari, Kankurou, Matsuri, the Sand Village, etc...) experience that feeling if he kills Gaara who did nothing wrong.
He wants to kill the kages because...
1.) They represent the old system which Sasuke seeks to erase
2.) He also wants to kill them because that will make the people of each kages respective villages hate him, thus focusing all hatred towards Sasuke, unifying everyone against a common enemy, like they are now in this war.
Flaws to this plan:
1. When Sasuke dies, it is all over and the world goes back to fighting.
2. Sasuke is much stronger than everyone except Naruto. Therefore, when the people unify and join together to attack Sasuke, Sasuke would just end up killing everyone. They'd be better off in the infinite tsukuyomi where they can at least have happy dreams before they die by turning into white zetsus as opposed to being burned by amaterasu or sliced in half by a perfect susanoo.
3. Sasuke taking on all the hatred still won't solve other world problems such as conflicts over land, money, natural resources, etc...