ionno. What physics system does elemental chakra use? like, if its Aristotlian (or whatever the eastern equivalent is), dust element wins ; the rasenshuriken is a hyper-destructive ball of this "wind" stuff, and this "dust" stuff has the power to turn other stuff into dust, so rasenshuriken is just gobbled up.
If it works on actual physics, the rasenshuriken is a ball of contained, highly energetic air molucules, and the dust cube has the power to break bonds on some physical level (IIRC its the molecular level, so the stuff is broken down into atoms). In that case, the rasenshuriken's very small air molecules get broken down into atoms, but so what? its still a ball of highly destructive individual atoms; rasenshuriken still kills its target.
In both cases, either technique could somehow disrupt the boarders of the other. If this is possible I'd side with rasenshuriken, because its more energetic.