I would prefer not to make any conclusion. Just as with Eyeless Susano'o, I hate having to use technicalities and speculations to explain things in the manga that Kishi clearly did not think of himself.I see. I'll explain on what happened below a little bit in more detail on why I think this happend, and what actually happened.
Going to explain below
Alright the ash infused chakra smokescreen did not really seem to be of an attack, but merely a way to push everyone away from him. That was clearly evident to the point of the lower panel where all those who held a Kyuubi cloak were being forced backwards, but it did not really damage them at all. It was more or less like a tiny explosion in that sense, of pushing them backwards.You must be registered for see links
There really is no clear indication as for why the Kyuubi cloak would be less powerful than the one holding it's own against the ash cloud. Other than the fact of Kurama's chakra being low? Naruto was KCM at that time, probably meaning that Kurama's chakra was more durable and potent, than the one in SM. Again this is just speculation of course. It could just be a inconsisenty.
The only person who was really damaged from the chakra cloud fell faced down, but it happened off-panel so for all we know he could have hit his head on the ground with so much concussive force, he fainted. Whereas Madara stands above him and taking in the Kyuubi's chakra with his left foot.
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The only possibly reason for as to why Sasuke could have tanked that would be some sort of fire resistance to the heat. Whether that is possible or not, we have to some conclusion because at that time Kishimoto placed a technique onto Sasuke to remove his Sage Mode. Or something on those lines.
What do you think?
I guess this could be the start of a conclusion, but I'm just going to leave it at inconsistency. That's just me.