Yeah, he would have succeeded. Sasuke asked him why is he in defensive mode. He was taking all of Sasuke's best attacks and only using enough charka to neutralize the attack. If he was to more in the his attacks he would have over powered him, plus he was training and fighting for days the stamina he had to carry on. You saw him rest like for a couple minutes total when Sakura was healing him, his stamina is amazing with the toll of the shadow clones fatigue on top of his own. A well rested Naruto would beat a well rested Sasuke, due to the fact in his battles he had to stop and be healed and rest from the fatigue. That is the advantage of the physical strength over the mental strength. The same as you seen with the First Hokage and Madara, long battles aren't in the favor of the mental strength.