During the Imperialistic Era in the 1800s, the majors powers of Europe diced up Africa amongst themselves and took it over. Among the nations that did this were England, France, and Belgium. They were the big three. France took over the upper part of Africa, which is why educated people in that area speak French instead of a native language. The Begians took central africa, and the English took the southern. The English were the best when it came to colonial rule. They set up local governemnts of the indigenous people, and only demnaded taxes in the form of goods and wealth in return. Granted; it was still colonialism and wrong, but it was a far cry from the other two. France and Belgium took a more direct route. They both sent their prestigious citizens over to be local rulers. The French, like the English, tried to "civilize" the Africians, which means rob them of their culture and replace it with Eurpoean culture. While this is cruel, it is a far cry from the Belgians. They were so brutal that it makes American slavery look tame in comparison. That's why the central parts of Africa are the most ****ed up. Egypt and the northermost part of Africa was under the control of the Islamic Ottoman Empire, which was bassed in the middle east, so they were largely unaffected by colonialism and are considered part of the Arab world to this day, even after the Ottomans fell.
Each of the countries divided up the parts of Africa in a way that made it easier for them to manage. They ignored the old tribal boarders. This will come into play later. Most modern African countries were shaped during this era. What ensued was a century and a half long vampirism. The European powers sucked Africa dry and barely gave anything in return. What little "civilization" was brought to Africa was little compensation for the damage that was done.
Then, in a 50 year period lasting from about 1900 to 1950, the various African colonies organized an rebelled, throwing out their European oppressors. But with their common enemy gone, they divided again into their old tribes. Now come the borders that the Europeans stupidly ignored. Because country lines went right through tribal territory, you have countries that are made up haphazardly of multiple tribes that often have a long history of hating each other. Since people placed their alleigance in their tribes before their new countries, there have been massive civil wars since. Because there is a lack of an educated population in these countries, dictators easily rise. But they're commonly overthrown very quickly. Because of that, Africa is a war torn continent strewn with civil war after civil war.
To add to that, tribal conflicts often get worse. In a country called Rwanda, there was a genocide that lasted three months in 1994. There were two tribes in this country; the Hutus and the Tutsi. The Tutsi were the minority, but because they had narrower noses the Eurpoeans put them in power. The Hutu began to hate the Tutsi, and after the Europeans were driven out, the Hutus gained a majority and the power. In 1994, anti-tutsi rhetoric and the accidental death of the Hutu president ended in the genocide. The genocide was largely ignored by the Western powers, news outlets didn't even report on it. Any United Nations soldiers that were in the country fled. The slaughter caused a chain of events that resulted in a large war that has come to be known as the Congo War and the Second Congo war (which is just a continuation of the first). Thus far, over 3 million people have died in this war. The west hardly knows about this, and news outlets are far more concerned with Snookie than it is the deaths of 3 million people. Disgusting, if you ask me.
One must ask themselves where the US is in all of this. I have one answer for you: cold war. The US was not interested in helping the african people for the majority of the Post WWII era. Instead, we sent them "aid", which was just money and food, that the dictators usually hoarded for themselves, to keep Soviet control out of Africa. In Congo/Zaire, we kept a man named Mobutu in power, even though he was guilty of numerous crimes against his own people, just to keep the Russains at bay. We even called this monster "the good dictator". It's only been since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989 that we've even though "Hey, maybe we should help these people!" But the "help" that we give is bad. Sending food over there dones't solve anything. It keeps people alive for a day or two more, and that's about it. These people die anyway, and it only prolongs their suffering. Not only that, but a lot of the "volunteer" work that we do, like building houses, prevents local buisnesses from starting, and hinders their economy. What we really need to do is help them set up a thriving education system, and help stimulate their economy. But nobody wants to think that hard. We just want to put some change in a jar and call it Change.
Of course, this is a blanket statement. SOme countries are far better off than others. In particular, parts of Northern Africa are promising, and the country South Africa is thriving. It's considered one of the seven BRICKS countries, which are up and coming economies. THigns are looking up for them. But for the most part, and especailly for the war torn central Africa, Africa is a mess, and we westerners caused it.