Well, you're underestimating the sharringan now, look at what the other eyes are capable of. I don't know how he happened to survive, if it was a miracle or the pain he went through granted him that intangible thing. If we look at the flashbacks it was a miracle that he even spoken with Kakashi and Rin for so long, right?. It seems he already had the MS and when Kakashi and Rin run away and when he lost consciousness he slipped through the rocks and went down.How can someone without a Mangekyou use a Mangekyou Sharingan jutsu? Madara simply said, "half of your body was crushed, and it's a miracle that you survived. Using an MS jutsu without an MS is illogical and this phenomenon is highly misunderstood.