Types/forms of taijutsu I remember from the anime:
- Gai/Lee: Their form of taijutsu has escalated to a level far superior to that of an average ninja. They could be considered the ones who use taijutsu to its fullest potential. So without relying on ninjutsu at all. As for how they achieve that, they put themselves in intense physical training on a daily basis and even carry weights on themselves to make the training more challenging. They can also use the inner gates that severs a ninja's limit.
- Neji/Hinata (hyuuga): Although they don't deliver powerful punches, they focus on damaging chakra points in a ninja's body by releasing a powerful, yet small and precise amount of chakra into that enemy's chakra point.
- Raikages: They enhance their taijutsu with lightning which could be considered as a combination between taijutsu and ninjutsu. Though I believe the lightning serves mainly to improves their movement and reaction speed.
- Endurance is the ability to endure and withstand incoming attacks. For example, when receiving a powerful punch head on. It could also be referred to as "resistance", how much you can take before you break.
- Strength is basically how much power you put into your offensive attacks. In case of taijutsu, the power of our punches and kicks.
- Stamina means how much you can keep on doing a certain physical (or maybe even mental) activity. For example for how much time you can keep running without loosing your breath, etc.
- Balance, in terms of taijutsu, probably means the ability to know how much speed and power you need to put in one of your attacks so that it'll become efficient. For example too much speed with no power might cause self-harm, while too much power with no speed might just lead to you not landing your attack the way you wanted.
- Stance is probably the most important thing in taijutsu. It the way you stand and position your limbs so that you can respond as efficiently as possible to incoming attacks while also allowing you to counter attack. Stances also helps you to increase your defenses and helps you to lower your chances of falling to the ground where you might get at a disadvantage.