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Taijutsu are ninja techniques/attacks that dont need chakra or hand seals to be preformed. Taijutsu is most of the time short range attacks and taijutsu depends on your physical energy,speed,power. Taijutsu atatcks are attacks like fist to fist etc. Even normal humans in the Narutoverse can perform Taijutsu. So it is definitely one of the most basic techniques in Naruto.
Well, you got a bit right and a bit wrong answers there, let me explain it.
-Taijutsu
Taijutsu, literally means hand to hand combat techniques or body techniques, it does not mean ninja techniques, Ninjutsu means that. Taijutsu techniques most of the time are short ranged yes, except for advanced ones or some of the Eight Gates related Taijutsu techniques. Normal strong fist Taijutsu doesn't need chakra to be performed. but some of Taijutsu techniques use chakra to enhance the power of the blow and deliver more damage. Taijutsu is very effective when in close range to the opponent, because it takes little time to perform without drawing chakra nor handseals like you mentioned previously, but solely, it is nearly impossible to be used against ninjutsu, unless you are a very advanced and professional taijutsu user (EIG level)
-Eight Internal Gates (EIG)
Referring to Eight internal chakra gates that can be unlocked if the Taijutsu user is exceptionally skilled at it. The eight gates are Eight tenketsu points within a person's body. They limit the amount of chakra passing through internally within the body of the ninja. When the ninja undergoes a special training, they can unlock those chakra gates and extremely raise the amount of chakra that passes within. By raising the amount of chakra that passes through the chakra pathway system, it removes the limits off your body muscles so that you can obtain amazing taijutsu powers, but doing so makes the body expires much faster than it was intended to. Although thats not what we will be learning, i wanted to give you a quick review of EIG for future purposes, who knows? maybe you could be the next EIG master xD
Now, i want you to perform 1,000 push ups, 500 laps around a 50 meter long grassy plain field. Don't push yourself too hard so you won't go to the hospital.