how does sasuke win this exactly? sure sasuke has this new s/t jutsu, and Perfect Susano(not some fanfic god susano), but thats really about all new he really got that we know of. that means everything we have seen the rennigan be able to do, he has no feats for them. his particular susano hasn't shone anything that would lead anybody to believe that it's more powerful than madara's susano. the only difference between the two are that madara's has 4 arms and sasuke has wings instead of another set of arms. literally the only true difference. so that mean he only has feats for anything he already had prior to gaining the sharinegan, plus the PS and s/t jutsu.
now you have on the other team 3 of the best shinobi in history, one being a master of s/t jutsu and in my opinion is better than sasuke as he is not confined to a particular distance. then you have jiraiya, master of many techniques, he is one of the most versatile ninja in the entire series with senjutsu. then you have hashirama, god of shinobi.
so lets get to it. first off, sasuke did not teleport the sword into madara, he used his s/t jutsu to switch places with it and madara ran into it impaling himself. doing this to hashirama is useless as he has one of the best self healing jutsu in the entire manga. sasuke's not going to be beating them out in speed either, as they have the ftg on there side which is very versatile. even with PS, hashirama has shown the ability to destroy a PS that amplified by a full powered kurama. you can argue the strength of sasuke's susano, but it has shown nothing to me that says that it's any different than madara's(did i mention madara's was powered by kyuubi chakra?).
sasuke got stronger from gaining this new power, but nothing that would have him beat all 3 of these particular shinobi together.
