To understand why Sasuke could sense Naruto's chakra we must first understand a few facts.
1 - Any ninja can sense chakra under certain circumstances -
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2 - Naruto and Sasuke's ying-yang are connected -
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3 - The dimension Naruto's clone was in is linked to the other dimensions -
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4 - The chakra from Naruto' clone is able to pass through dimensions to return to Naruto since the clone was in a different dimension than the original -
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to
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Now that you understand those important facts I can explained why I believe Sasuke could sense Naruto's chakra.
Naruto' shadow clone was in the dimension that's linked the other dimensions. When the shadow clone jutsu was released the chakra from the clone returned to Naruto by passing through the other dimensions. I believe one of the dimensions it passed through before it reached Naruto was the dimension Sasuke was in. Since Naruto and Sasuke's ying-yang are link Sasuke was able to sense the chakra from the shadow clone the instant it was in his dimension.