The oldest known comprehensive surgical book is the Sushruta Samhita (Sushruta's Compendium), written by the ancient Indian physician Sushruta around 600-1000 BCE. Known as the "Father of Surgery" and "Father of Plastic Surgery," Sushruta’s text details over 300 surgical procedures, 120 surgical instruments, and complex operations like rhinoplasty (nose reconstruction. The text classifies surgery into eight categories and provides detailed instructions on anatomy, fracture management, cataract surgery, and urinary stone removal.