the answer is simple. it depends on the susanoo user, let imagine both susanoo are from the same user then the arrow and the shield are made from the same material (same chakra). so if both hit each other both will break like if u hit stone with stone both will break. but if the chakra of the user is more powerfull it will win the one with less power. like if u hit a stone to a glass. so i guess madara has a very powerfull chakra and it is upgraded by hashi dna, but sasuke has a powerful chakra too but he has no hashi dna so sasuke arrow cannot break through perfect susanoo unless his chakra is extremely powerful