Something to bind Madara in response to his Senjutsu.
That's what Hashirama gave to Sasuke, not what the Sage gave to Sasuke.
First of all Sasuke will most likely obtain the Rinnegan or (unlikely) Indra's eyes, even though Madara is stronger than Indra.
I believe that rather than any type of DNA or a technique, that it's more of a power or a knowledge for something.
Like the weaknesses of a Juubi Jin, how to counteract it and most likely also some of his chakra.
Even though that Naruto is supposed to represent the Sage rather than Sasuke, i have no other idea what Sasuke could've possibly gotten other than that.
I mean, like the sage said (something among the lines of this) ''Touch my staff and i will give you my power''.
Eitherway, he has to surpass Indra in terms of power, and reach close to what the sage has.