IIRC there was nothing ever direct like that examplewise, mostly because if the planet Goku was on blew up, he would run out of oxygen, die in the conditions of space, etc.
But regardless it's pretty clear that Goku should have durability to that extent, definitely by the end of the series. I'm pretty positive that Frieza nuked Planet Vegeta in base form, and Goku held his own with Frieza at full power. Considering Frieza's mentality and especially his attitude during the fight as it went on, there was absolutely no reason that Frieza would hold back and he would certainly go all out powerwise, yet Goku was able to compete with him and, obviously, win. It's obvious that if we account for later arcs, in which everybody and their mothers would wipe the floor with Frieza, that Goku should have at least planet level durability by the end of the manga.