If you find this too long, maybe jump into the "Conclusion"
Unless you are new to manga, and what you had created this thread, suggest u to read.
Thanks.
When reading any Manga, you need to understand manga is sort of storytelling.
The difference is Manga use "Pictures / Drawing" which could last a few or many chapters in "Fiction"
The other thing, like fiction, the "World of Manga" is not our this World.
Naruto Manga World (imo)
1. Minato sealed both his and Kushina (wife / Naruto mom) Chakra inside Naruto, and together with part of "Kurama". The purpose was to help Naruto gain control of Kurama. Naruto first realize it when Kurama trying to get Naruto to break the "powerful" seal. His dad (Minato) appeared to prevent Naruto from pulling out the seal. Later, when he need to control Kurama, his mom (Kushina) appeared. She help Naruto to gain control of Kurama, and still had the time to tell Naruto of his past. Minato only had a short time to talk to his son, partly due to his chakra was limited. But Kushina being the Uzumaki Clan, had plenty of chakra. But because the Minato chakra did not had any time/date, that's why he asked Naruto for his age 16 yrs.
2. Fast forward to current situation. Orochimaru had to extract the each Hokage SOUL to the zetsu clone (inside Sasuke) to use as the body of all the 4 edo Hokage. IMO. In fact, all the Hokages could sensed Kurama chakra.
3. Minato was highly intelligent. The 2nd Hokage said that Minato had advanced his Transportation - Minato FTG (Flying Thunder God). When Naruto was born, he put the Kurama (with "yang" chakra) into Naruto. IMO. He could understand the power of Kurama that made the 1st Hokage choice.
4. When Naruto took control of Kurama, he could sense "evil". The power of Kurama was because SO6P included some of his powerful chakra. With the special "SO6P" cloak.
5. Naruto did sensed the arrival of his dad. His dad could sensed him and the exact location, both were wearing The Cloak.
In conclusion.
Chakra:- When Naruto meet his mom and dad, it was their chakra was inside.
Clone Jutsu:- This was different from using "Clone Jutsu", where Kakashi told him the advantage of using it.
SOUL:- Orochimaru used the Soul of all 4 Hokages and transform each zetsu to each Hokage Soul.
"Protector" :- As you mentioned about what Minato that see thru him.
The word "Protector" (i can't find a better word than this). This is the same in our this world.
Depend on how you interpret; which can mean - GOD, Ancestor, etc. = that can see your life and protected you from danger.
Sorry for such long explanation.
Just a reference, if you did not read the Naruto Manga completely.
The Amine "Shippuden" episodes TV series is not by Kishi himself. That's why the word "Shippuden" = Part 2.
TV series Part 1 was closely follow the Manga, and with Kishi involved.
