Of course. I'll start with the element we're going to train.
Katon
As I've said Katon is one of the five basic elemental natures. Katon means fire release and uses extremely hot chakra that is expelled primarily from the mouth and lungs. Katon primarily uses the tiger hand seal, which if I recall correctly is regarded as the most attack based hand seal. Katon is closely related to suiton (water release) and fuuton (wind release). Against suiton, it is weaker as water will smother and cool the hot chakra. If an S-ranked Katon jutsu were to clash with an A-ranked suiton jutsu the two would cancel each other out and leave the battlefield very misty. If an S-Ranked katon and suiton attacks were to clash the suiton would prevail and be downgraded to an A-ranked suiton. I apologize if my elemental interactions are a bit off

. Against wind (fuuton) katon is stronger. This is because wind feeds fires flames and increases their size.
Almost no katon jutsu are used in close proximity as they are too dangerous to set off right next to the user due to explosions, firestorms, and the heat in general. Uchiha are probably the most famous fire release users as they almost all are born with it as their chakra affinity. And the most famous fire release technique would be amaterasu, which is gained through the awakening of the Mangekyo Sharingan. Not all Mangekyo Sharingan are awakened with amaterasu.
Due to its strength against wind the user can also use katon and fuuton in conjunction with one another. This will create much larger and stronger flames.
Suiton
Another of the basic five, suiton, or water release, is the manipulation of existing water or creating of water by using one's own chakra. It is storng against fire because it will extinguish the flames. It is weak against earth because earth already contains moisture inside of it and can stop the force that drives water.
Suiton can be more easily used if there is already an existing water source to manipulate. However it has been seen that more advanced and stronger users can create the water themselves using their own chakra. The two most notable examples of this would be Kisame and Tobirama Senju. Suiton is probably the most famous from kirigakure as most of their ninja use this as their affinity.
One cool thing I like about suiton is that you can easily use it in conjunction with raiton. Since electricity conducts easily through water you can increase the attack damage through a suiton jutsu by using raiton. However you have to be careful in the usage though as to not shock yourself with it as well. A clone could use a raiton jutsu in order to safely implement it. Suiton can also be used with fuuton, like katon, to increase the overall destructive power creating more concussive force.
Raiton
By increasing the frequency of the user's chakra the user can create lightning. Unlike katon, which is purely destructive on a large scale, raiton can be used on a smaller and more precise scale. Raiton primarily uses piercing attacks and quick movement. When damaged by a raiton jutsu the victim, if still alive, will experience severe paralysis leaving them extremely vulnerable to a follow up attack.
Lightning is strong against Doton (earth release) as it can travel through the earth and break through it. However it is weak against fuuton because wind acts as an insulator, containing the electrical current.
As seen through lightning users like Sasuke and Killer B, raiton can be channeled into a weapon such as a sword or kunai increasing its piercing power and speed. It also gives the weapon a paralysis effect when it enters the victim's body.
Lightning as I stated above in suiton can be used with suiton to enhance its attack power.
Fuuton
Fuuton, or wind release, is a very precise and brute element. Unlike raiton however it is used to cut and slash through its targets. Wind chakra is extremely thin and fast moving, its speed only surpassed by lightning. Similar to raiton, as we saw with Danzo, wind can be used and channeled into blades, kunai, and shuriken.
Wind is strong against lightning as it insulates it. Yet is weak against fire because it fuels the katon.
As I said above in suiton and katon wind can be used in conjunction with both. Suiton to increase the concussive force and katon to increase the size and strength of the flames.
Doton
Doton allows the user to manipulate the earth around them. By earth this includes dirt, mud, rock and can even be used to manipulate the density of what it is manipulating.
Earth is probably the most versatile element. It can be used for attack, defense, and surroundings control. Large scale earth techniques have the power to greatly change the battle field to the user's advantage. It also allows the user to potentially travel underground and set up surprise attacks. Likes suiton, earth release does not require there to be pre-existing earth. It can be molded and expelled through the mouth.
It is strong against water as it already contains moisture and is weak against lightning because the lightning travels through it easily. Earth release was shown by Hiruzen to be used in conjunction with fire release. For example mud and fire would create a potent attack, such as the one used against Orochimaru.
A few references I like to keep nearby which easily show the elemental interactions:
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All five of these elements are combined in different ways to create many other advanced nature transformations.
I apologize if they seem a bit thin. I started to get short on time toward the end

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