Taijutsu is basically hand to hand combat. Taijutsu requires no chakra to perform however some styles of Taijutsu uses chakra to increase the power and strength of the blows and kicks resulting in more damage.
Being hand to hand combat their are many styles of Taijutsu. Some examples are Gentle Fist, which is used by the Hyuga clan originating from Konoha. This styles revolves around inserting chakra from each blow the land on the opponent, injecting it into their chakra network blocking it off thus preventing them from molding chakra.
Another example is Strong Fist which is used by Rock lee and the Mighty might guy. Strong fist is a fighting style which revolves around dealing strong devastating lows that are strong enough to break bones.
Taijutsu can be combined to Ninjutsu creating a Nintaijutsu. Nintaijutsu is using ninjutsu such as the lightning armor the Raikage use, combining it with regular taijutsu allowing them to deal more deadly attacks as well as increasing his speed and reflexes.
Some example of ninja's that have high levels of taijutsu skills are: Rock Lee, Might Guy, Tsunade, Hashirama, Madara and the Raikages.