Art isn't the only difference. Story, pace, format. The French call their comics "bandes dessinées" (literally comic strips) yet it's really different from the american comics. But overall I agree. Manga is just the japanese word to say comics
Tbh if i was to make a literal difference between anime and cartoon it wouldn't be based off place of origin.
It would be based off of content
For example:Family Guy(american), The Boondocks(american),Southpark(american), Rock Lee and his Ninja Pals(Japanese) etc. I'd consider cartoon for the simple fact that its mainly satire, and all conflicts in those shows(if there is any) is usually resolved by the end of the episode.
The story for shows of this nature would be something along the lines of"follow the "insert family/friends here" through their daily wacky lives. Other than that there is no real story or goals. Sure there is character development but even then its minimal "meg being the butt of most jokes, Huey always being serious,Kenny always dying(that's more of a running gag if anything), Neji cross dressing(another running gag).
The last airbender(American),Legend of korra(american), IGPX(american i think....I know it was made by toonami), Code Lyoko(french), Oban star Racers(french), Naruto(japanese), Samurai Champloo(japanese)
All have a story and conflicts that transcends episodes and is usually resolved at either the end of the season or the end of the series.While having minimal problems that help fix the major problem in day to day episodes.
Aang fighting the fire nation soldiers and generals b4 fighting the fire lord, Korra handling the equalist b4 fighting amon,
Takashi winning semi's b4 redeeming himself of the lost he suffered to Cunningham, Jeremy fighting off zana daily while trying to find a way to delete it. Etc etc.
The similarities between the art style of lok,tla and the boondocks to shows like naruto and bleach are kinda indistinguishable.
