It's either because Toneri's TSB are somehow sturdier than a JJ's, or because Naruto wasn't actually using RSM - the mode was apparently KCSM, as confirmed by the novel/databook (forgot which one) that came after the movie.
Naruto having no markings on his back and TSB in the gaiden and Boruto movie is for a very simple reason - he wasn't the temporary host of all 9 Bijus at that time, only for 100% Kurama. Some people on the forums refer to
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mode as ''full RSM''. That form can only be achieved by Naruto having the chakra of all the Tailed Beasts inside of him.
RSM is an individual powerup granted to Naruto and independent of any other factors. If what you say is true, and the no markings on his back and lack of TSB actually meant he doesn't have RSM, then a
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shouldn't be possible - no cloak, no markings, no TSB, no nothing, yet he still has it.
Yes, as he was able to fly, which was originally an ability granted by RSM.
Yes, explained above.
Of course.
There's no reason why they shouldn't have it.
He doesn't have their chakra ''stored'' in himself, but he's still the meeting place for all the beasts, so theoretically he could still gain it.