So....NarutoBase...
The evident confusion among the populace regarding 'who is stronger than who' is solely because majority fail's to have a conceptualization of how the power of the fruit was dispersed among certain characters and to mentally whisk the true potential of certain characters. Kaguya Ōtsutsuki ate of the power of the Shinju, its fruit and executed it's power via Dōjutsu; as Ninjutsu was non-existent at that time.This 'Fruit' contains an uncontaminated mass of energy.
_____________________________
The power Kaguya executed is that of the Shinju complete. Here we see the
You must be registered for see links
utilizing
You must be registered for see links
Tenpen-Chii. Hagoromo being born with the Rin'negan denotes that in childbirth, Kaguya's offspring also inherited some portion of the fruit's power. Hagoromo did not receive the Jūbi's Rin'negan because it was lacking in composition. The lacking portion is what was inherited by his brother. Originally the Rin'negan comprized of the Sharingan and it's abilities. This is the original Rin'negan: [
You must be registered for see links
]_____________________________
The power Hagoromo executed after sealing the Jūbi is that of an incomplete Shinju; in that it lacked whatever power his brother would have inherited. Hagoromo then used this power to create with Banbutsu Sozo and more importantly, he
You must be registered for see links
among human beings in an attempt to establish peace through Ninshū. It is later reviled that Ashura and Indra also inherited portion's of this power. The power of the Shinju then becomes even more distant to that of it's original form: The fruit. _____________________________
The Power Madara currently executes is lacking as opposed to Hagoromo on two accounts. Firstly, regarding 'Senju DNA' and 'Uchiha DNA' his genetics are lacking in potency as Hagoromo's gene's gave birth to what is displayed in his dichotomy: The power of Indra and his descendants as well as the power of Ashura and his descendants. Lastly, the power of the Shinju which he currently wields is lacking, in that, between the era of Hagoromo and the current era; Chakra has been spread, taught and acquired globally. There are more individual's currently utilizing Than in the days of the Sennin.
_____________________________
Naruto surpasses Ashura solely because complied upon receiving Hagoromo's body, stamina and physical energy he is aided by the Bijū. Ashura however is more potent genetically as the Senju are descended from him.
_____________________________
Sasuke likewise surpasses Indra because firstly; like Madara, has merged apart of Ashura's chakra with himself. That is Hashirama's genetic material and Chakra which potentially enables him to utilize his abilities. Secondly, unlike Indra, Sasuke now has a complete Dōjutsu. The 'modern day' Sharingan is a secondary consequence of the Rin'negan being deprived of Yoton.
You must be registered for see links
. It is the same reason why Hagoromo did not inherit the Jūbi's Rin'negan. and lastly because his body can be fixated with Senjutsu in that he could potentially acquire Sennin modo. Which makes Sauce potentially stronger than Naruto, currently.