658 explanation

[-ahhimane-]

As far as we all know, no one got any problems with the Bijuu battles.

All that is left is...
Madara using Susano'o while being blind.
Where did Zetsu came from?

Lets start =D

What we know already?
Itachi used Susano'o when he was on the verge of going blind. But he never actually went blind.
Whereas MS Sasuke lost Susano'o (means not able to activate it) when he was almost to be called as Blind.

And now, we saw Madara without eyes capable of activating Susano'o.
Which only leads to...
The powers in both the MS eyes are the conditions to awaken a Susano'o. This is the third power which an Uchiha obtains because of MS but should not be said as dependable on the eyes whose light hasn't extinguished.
But slowly and steadily, MS loses its light. And hence the Uchiha loses every ocular powers as well as Susano'o because somehow it's connected with the eyes of MS.

But an EMS is never bound to loses its light. And hence without the EMS eyes also, one can use Susano'o but not the EMS powers in both empty eye sockets.
Like I said, Sasuke used the MS completely and hence he lost the powers. But when he used Itachi's eyes, he got his Susano'o back.
But if an impossible condition arises like, EMS loses it's light, then the user will also lose the EMS powers as well as Susano'o.

And hence if we assume the same explanation, Madara didn't lost his EMS light and thus can still use Susano'o without his eyes. He gouged it out and transplanted to Nagato.
But old Madara never used the Susano'o after transplanting his rinnegan in Nagato? Because there was no reason fro him to use OR he was too old and was living on Juubi's chakra.
But now he's healthy and can use the Susano'o once again. Because his eyes still holds the light.

White Zetsu giving Madara the rinnegan eye.
The Zetsu which came out from the ground was the one from the hideout and brought the other rinnegan eye which Obito left in the hideout. The rinnegan which Zetsu brought was the right eye whereas Obito holds the left rinnegan eye.
Hence the left eye is still intact in Obito's left eye socket. And Madara's will is still controlling him.

 

[omarsen]

explain how madara able to plug his eye without surgery, meanwhile sasuke had surgery and stayed for a week or so inorder for his eyes to heal

 

[trucker]

I don't get why people are confused about the White Zetsu and the different eyes.

Best theory I've seen yet about how Madara can still use Susanoo. EMS the eyes still have the power. There has been another confirmed example of eyes being linked even though they are not in the same body...Kakashi getting the Mangeko when Obito awakened his. Granted that Kakashi and Obito had their eyes in their body, but its not a big leap to conclude that if the eyes can be linked without being in the same user then the eyes' power can still be linked to the original holder of the eyes. It works for Naruto-verse logic. Well done.

 

[-ahhimane-]

explain how madara able to plug his eye without surgery, meanwhile sasuke had surgery and stayed for a week or so inorder for his eyes to heal

If he can use Zetsu's arm for himself and readily gets healed because of Senju DNA, the transplanting stuff is not a big deal.

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You can still see the crooked lines on the both sides of the eye. Because of Senju DNA, the healing process was quick.
Also Sasuke do not have Senju DNA and hence will take time to recover.
Seriously, Uchihas eyes are so weak that anyone can pull it out effortlessly.

 

[trucker]

explain how madara able to plug his eye without surgery, meanwhile sasuke had surgery and stayed for a week or so inorder for his eyes to heal

This is likely due to his super-healing abilities via Hashirama's cells being integrated into his body. Itachi had a medical ninja to make the healing process faster, Sasuke didn't have any medical ninjutsu assistance therefore he had to heal on his own, which is still much shorter than it would be in real life so you have to use your imagination in the realm of naruto-verse. Hashirama could heal instantly without medical ninjutsu assistance, so it shouldn't be too difficult to assume that Madara could heal immediately after putting the Rinnegan in. No one should argue about how difficult it is to transplant an eye, none of the transplants should have ever occurred if you apply real world facts.