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Abilities The "Eye of Insight" ability makes the user able to see chakra flow. The sharingan itself gives colour to chakra, allowing the wielder to differentiate them. They are also able to tell if a person is under a genjutsu because the person's chakra flow would be irregular.
While for the "Eye of Hypnotism" ability, it grants the user an incredible clarity of perception, allowing them to easily recognize genjutsu and different forms of chakra. This also allows the user to pick up on subtle details, enabling them to read lip movements or mimic something like pencil movements.
The Sharingan's third and most well-known ability is that it grants the user the ability to copy almost any technique that he or she witnesses, apart from other kekkei genkai techniques. The user can memorise ninjutsu, genjutsu, and taijutsu with near-perfect accuracy, allowing the user to use the techniques as their own, or even modify them to create their own new techniques.
The Sharingan's fourth ability is capable of inducing a unique brand of hypnosis that involves suggesting actions and thoughts to the opponent through genjutsu cast by simple eye contact between both parties. More advanced Sharingan users can take the hypnosis ability even further to the point where a powerful summon or even a tailed beast can be controlled.
1 Tomoe Upon the awakening of the Doujutsu, the eye gains one tomoe. This will allow basic motion perception and the ability to see chakra. While the doujutsu is active, the user will gain increased perception of motion that only ninja of a higher level or rank would be able to see. Though the ability to perceive motion increases throughout the stages of the Sharingan. The 1T Sharingan grants the ability to see through D-Rank Genjutsu, and the ability to track Taijutsu equal or superior to that of the user and some of Ninjutsu movement. This will allow the user to make the best reaction based on the situation
2 Tomoe Upon awakening, the Sharingan will gain a second tomoe at this stage. The 2T Sharingan grants motion perception superior to the previous stage and the ability to copy these movements nearly flawlessly granted the user has the physical capability to replicate these movements. As said before, increased motion perception is an ability granted by the 2T, as well as the ability to copy small moves made by an adversary. The speed of the movements which the 2T Sharingan predict can be twice as fast as those seen by the 1T Sharingan, it also grants the ability to predict the use of some Ninjutsu by reading the hand-seals used. It also grants the ability to break through C-Rank Genjutsu.
3 Tomoe Upon being unlocked, the Sharingan gains a third tomoe. This form of the Sharingan grants precognition of movements, the ability to copy movements and the ability to perceive movement. However, these abilities are all superior to those of the previous stages of the Sharingan. The user is then granted the ability of keeping up with incredibly high speeds and can replicate basic taijutsu movement flawlessly. The user can now copy hand-seals performed by the opponent and use the same technique as them, provided that the user has the capability to use that jutsu. The user is now able to see through and break B-Rank Genjutsu. A new ability this stage of the Sharingan grants is the ability to hypnotize an opponent. This can only be done via eye-contact and performed on ninja one rank lower than the user.
MS The next stage of sharingan is called Mangekyou Sharingan. this is indeed much more powerful than the previous stages. it is awakened through the trauma experienced from the death of a person very close to the Sharingan user. To obtain the it, one must feel the emotion of losing a friend or family. It is distinguished from a normal Sharingan by its appearance, which changes the form of the tomoe seal. Unlike the Sharingan, the appearance of the Mangekyō Sharingan differs from user to user. Mangekyou sharingan grants the user new abilities. for example, amaterasu, tsukuyomi, and for those who have both mangekyou, they could awaken susanoo. there are also special techniques such as kamui, and enton: Kagutsuchi. but if one keeps using the mangekyou, sooner or later the eyes will get blind.
EMS This is the highest and most powerful stage of sharingan. so far, only Madara Uchiha and Sasuke Uchiha to have awakened EMS. To awaken these eyes, one needs to be transplanting another pair of Mangekyō Sharingan from a close relative, such as a sibling. this is also done to prevent the user from losing lights of the eyes after overusing Mangekyou Sharingan.