Kaguya's will was Black Zetsu which we saw around before Madara had Rinnegan, he tricked Madara by making him think he was Madara's will. It took Black Zetsu taking over Madara for Kaguya to be revived so you need the Juubi and BZ for Kaguya. I'm not saying the rods are outer path, the use of them are, Nagato use them to control dead bodies and Konan said Nagato lives outside life and death. Edo Madara was using chakra rods to block Edo Hashirama's chakra points and to control Obito. It could be that the user can revive themselve, Nagato didn't revive himself or did Kabuto say he could; he was planning on reviving Naruto and Bee after having Edo Nagato kill them but who would Madara want to revive around him?
Black zetsu was already attached to white zetsu:
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The one that came out of the Hashi clone is his will:
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Which is confirmed to be his chakra by Hashirama:
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The jutsus you listed aren't path abilities, the Peins can use non path jutsus just like how Obito's path were all using their own jutsus. The ability to summon Gedo isn't a Rinnegan ability, Madara told Obito even if he doesn't awaken his own Rinnegan that the Hashirama cells he has will allow him to summon and control the Gedo so Nagato Nagato having his Senju lineage and the Rinnegan which is Uchiha cells is all he needs for that. Deva path never used any other of the 6 paths. If he could use the other paths then why didn't he absorbed Naruto's Rasengan during his Deva path 5 sec interval? Or use weapon path to shoot lasers or missiles?
Deva path used the Outer path and the point is that he can use other rinnegan techniques.
Gedo mazou is a rinnegan ability, you need the rinnegan to unlock the seal.
However, since Obito was implanted Madara's will, he was able to use it as a substitution.
Deva path didn't use any other ability the same way crippled Nagato didn't use any other ability against sm naruto.
No chakra left[/QUOTE]
^^ in short, if all 3 jutsus (ST, BT, and CT) are all used by Deva Path and all are based on gravitational forces then they are Deva path abilities until you can show me one of the other 5 paths using CT while all 6 paths are out. Naruto and Hamura are listed in using the Sage CT that requires the use of Yin and Yang seals, it says that in the DB passage doesn't it?
Assumption
What makes you think Sasuke didn't use Pretha path via PS? Madara used Deva path with his Susanoo and Sasuke shown using other jutsus with his PS such as his chidori. Other path talks about being able to use the 6 paths and the Gedo Mazo is called the demonic statue of the outer path. Susanoo is chakra that Emmit from Sasuke's body, Sasuke can use chidori with PS but PS doesn't form chakra does it?
Fan fiction
Madara was never stated to use deva path via Susanoo, keep all theories outside of this one.
That technique he used is something different entirely.
Sasuke didn't use preta path, otherwise kurama would of notified that