Fire natured chakra allows for Fire Release - Katon, which is strong against Wind but weak against Water.
Wind natured chakra allows for Wind Release - Futon, which is strong against Lightning but weak against Fire.
Lightning natured chakra allows for Lightning Release - Raiton, which is strong against Earth but weak against Wind.
Earth natured chakra allows for Earth Release -Doton, which is strong against Water but weak against Lightning.
Water natured chakra allows for Water Release-Suiton), which is strong against Fire but weak against Earth.
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Besides the five basic nature types, there are several more advanced types. Which is known as Kekkei Genkai and Kekkei Tota...
Kekkei Genkai: are abilities passed down genetically within specific clans..kekkei genkai include mixing one type of elemental chakra with another, creating a new one. Which is completely new nature of chakra with unique properties.
ex- Mokuton, Bakuton, Yoton, Shouton, Houton Ranton etc..
Kekkei Tota:
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an advanced version of kekkei genkai, which is created through simultaneous use of the earth, wind, and fire natures- Jinton. There are two know users 2nd and 3rd Tsuchikage..